![]() When states react belatedly through laws or judgments, these may lead to overblocking or legal conflicts between competing jurisdictions. ![]() As the majority of online spaces lie in private hands, it is private law that prima facie frames many norm conflicts online. The special role of intermediaries is another challenge for regulating the internet. Companies, too, have a corporate social responsibility to respect human rights within their sphere of influence, which – on the internet – is growing rapidly as the majority of relevant communicative acts take place in private spaces. “States have a duty to protect their citizens with regard to the internet (and regarding their online activities, including the exercise of freedom of expression). ![]() KeywordsĬOVID-19, online disinformation, infodemic, platform regulation, pandemic, national contexts, governance standards The illustration above shows the first sentence of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) rendered in machine-readable barcode. “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” This study provides incentives for further rigorous studies of disinformation governance standards and their impact across different socio-cultural environments. It analyses the platforms’ willingness and efficacy in removing (presumed) disinformation, shows variances in national and local contexts and sheds light on the roles of Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Through synthesizing answers to questions submitted by more than 40 researchers from 20 countries within the GDHR Network, this exploratory study provides a first overview of how states and platforms have dealt with Corona-related disinformation. The study’s focus is on the role of states and platforms in combatting online disinformation. Throughout the chapter, the Japanese firm Sony is discussed, with its struggles to integrate across multiple hardware and content segments.This study explores the spread of disinformation relating to the Covid-19 pandemic on the internet, dubbed by some as the pandemic’s accompanying “infodemic”, and the societal reactions to this development across different countries and platforms. The next convergence that is anticipated is that of bio-electronics and human cognition. ![]() The third convergence joined the elements of consumer electronics, the fourth those of content, and the fifth leads to the emerging online-based media cloud. The second convergence was that of computers with communications hardware, and includes telecommunications, cellular telephony and the Internet. The first convergence was that of calculating devices, components and control code, resulting in computers. The second part of the chapter covers the six stages of media-tech convergence and introduces the various elements that jointly form the media-tech sector. Tasks covered include: technology assessment, selection of R&D projects for funding, integration of technology with firm strategy, the location of R&D activities, the organizational structure of R&D activities, standards strategy and collaboration with open community-based R&D. The first part of the chapter discusses how R&D is managed, a particularly important function in a sector characterized by disruptive technology. ![]()
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